In-f-Organic Chemistry

What is it? Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium. Name The word "Emerald" is derived, from Vulgar Latin: Esmaralda/Esmaraldus, a variant of Latin Smaragdus, which originated in Greek: σμάραγδος (smaragdos; "green gem"). Grading Emeralds, like all colored gemstones, are graded using four basic parameters: Color:  Emeralds occur in hues ranging from yellow-green to blue-green, with the primary hue necessarily being green. Clarity: Emerald tends to have numerous inclusions and surface breaking fissures. Their clarity is graded by eye. Cut Carat weight color is by far the most important criterion. Properties Formula: Be3Al2(SiO3)6 Molecular Mass: 537.50 Density: 2.67 to 2.78 Hardness: 7.5-8 on the Mohs scale Crystal symmetry: Dihexagonal Dipyramidal Color: Green shades to colorless Where is it found? The principal Emerald dep...

What is it? Limonene is a colorless liquid hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic terpene. Where can we find it? It is a major constituent in several citrus oils (orange, lemon, mandarin, lime, and grapefruit). Name Limonene takes its name from the lemon, as the rind of the lemon -like other citrus fruits- contains considerable amounts of this compound, which contributes to their odor. Properties IUPAC name: 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexeneMolecular Formula: C10H16 Average mass: 136.234Melting Point: -74.35 °C Boiling Point:176 °C Chiral rotation: 87°-102° Isomerism Carbon number four of the cyclohexene ring is chiral. Limonene therefore has two optical isomers. Chiral centres are labelled as R or S using IUPAC nomenclature. But we can found it as d or l or most commonly with (+) or (-). The two enantiomers have identical chemical properties but different odours. R-Limonene smells like orange and S-Limonene smells like lemon. Enantio...

What is it? A buffer solution  is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or vice versa. Function Its pH changes very little when a small or moderate amount of strong acid or base is added to it and thus it is used to prevent changes in the pH of a solution. Use Many life forms thrive only in a relatively small pH range so they utilize a buffer solution to maintain a constant pH. Applications Buffer solutions are used... to keep the correct pH for enzymes in many organisms to work. to maintain a pH between 7.35 and 7.45 in blood plasma ( bicarbonate buffering system ). in fermentation processes and in setting the correct conditions for dyes used in colouring fabrics. in chemical analysis and calibration of pH meters. in creation of the majority of biological samples that are used in research. Adjustment For buffers in acid regions, the pH may be adjusted to a desired value by adding a strong acid su...

A tomic-scale honeycomb lattice  made of  carbon  atoms What is it? It is a thin layer of pure carbon. A single, tightly packed layer of carbon atoms that are bonded together in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice. Properties It’s one atom thick, stronger than steel, harder than diamond, nearly transparent, and one of the most conductive materials on earth. Graphene's electrons In ordinary, three-dimensional metals, electrons hardly interact with each other. But graphene’s two-dimensional, honeycomb structure acts like an electron superhighway in which all the particles have to travel in the same lane. The electrons in graphene act like massless relativistic objects, some with positive charge and some with negative charge. Behaviour When the strongly interacting particles in graphene were driven by an electric field, they behaved not like individual particles but like a fluid that could be described by hydrodynamics. Graphene is a metal that behaves like w...

Welcome to In-f-Organic Chemistry blogspot. Goal Purpose of this blog is to learn and share interesting things about chemistry! Name The name is a combination of: Organic Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry In Chemistry Info Chemistry So these are going to be our tags!  Tags Let's see what you will find in each tag... In chemistry:  it's about the news in the chemistry world Info Chemistry:  it's about general information about chemistry, can include analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, biochemistry, and many many others Inorganic chemistry:  it's about Inorganic compounds, periodic table and inorganic stuff Organic chemistry:  it's about organic compounds, mechanisms and organic stuff